The article discusses how different groups influence economic policies through "policy learning". It shows that new ideas gradually gain support, leading to policy changes. The type of policies implemented depends on the institutional structure in place. Wage restraint helps the economy stay competitive globally. A mix of new industrial policies and wage restraint boosts investments and research spending. Privatization in the Netherlands is limited due to few state-owned companies. Neoliberal economic policies are influenced by technological advancements and global economic trends. Labor market policies like skills training and incentives enhance the competitiveness of advanced economies.