The article projects Japan's population from 1970 to 2050 using the cohort-component method. It assumes a closed population, ignoring international migration. Five fertility scenarios predict a population range of 116-166 million by 2050. Population growth will slow in the 1980s, with the net reproduction rate declining. The number of children will increase until 1985, then decrease, while the working-age population will grow. The elderly population will contribute significantly to overall population growth.