The study looked at plants growing near drains in Islamabad and how they relate to the soil underneath. They found two main plant communities and identified common weeds like Cynodon dactylon and Parthenium hysterophorus. The researchers used different analyses to show how the environment affects where plants grow, with human activity playing a big role. Overall, the results suggest that human actions have changed the natural vegetation patterns in the area, and it's important to consider this when planning for conservation.