The study looked at how much money people with science and engineering graduate degrees can make compared to the cost of their education. They used a method to calculate the return on investment, considering things like unemployment and mortality rates. The results showed that bachelor's degree holders in these fields don't make as much money as investing in physical things, but Ph.D. holders do. People with postgraduate degrees in science and engineering can make more money than the cost of their education. However, the return on investment for graduate education might not be higher than the social return because individuals have to pay a lot for their education.