The researchers tested how different timings of nitrogen application affected winter barley grain yield. They used a higher nitrogen amount compared to previous studies. Results showed that dividing the nitrogen into two or three applications, with the main one in early April, produced higher grain yields than a single application in March or April. The total amount of nitrogen applied didn't significantly impact grain yield or quality when considering timing. In simpler terms, splitting the nitrogen application for winter barley into multiple doses, especially with the main one in early April, helped in getting more grain at harvest time.