Age-related hypogonadism, also known as andropause, is characterized by low testosterone levels and symptoms like decreased libido and erectile dysfunction. Testosterone therapy can improve muscle and bone health, but its effects on other aspects like sexual function and mood are less clear. While low testosterone is linked to cardiovascular risk factors, there is no evidence that testosterone replacement therapy improves these risks. In fact, it may worsen prostate cancer and should not be used in patients with a history of the disease. Patients with high cardiovascular risk, such as those with heart failure, should also avoid testosterone therapy.