The researchers studied how different organic nitrogen sources affect crop yield, nutrient uptake, and soil health in rice-based cropping systems. They conducted field experiments over two years and found that using organic nitrogen sources, especially with biofertilizers, led to higher crop yields and better soil health. The rice-potato-onion cropping sequence had the highest productivity. Organic nitrogen treatments increased nutrient uptake by crops and improved soil organic carbon levels and nutrient availability. Overall, using organic nitrogen sources, especially with biofertilizers, can benefit crop production and soil health in rice-based cropping systems.