The researchers studied different ways to improve wheat productivity in fields where rice and wheat are grown in sequence. They tested three tillage methods (zero tillage, raised bed system, conventional tillage) and three legumes (greengram, cowpea, vegetable pea) over four years. They found that the weather, especially high temperatures, had a big impact on wheat yield. Conventional tillage and cowpea helped with wheat growth, while zero tillage and vegetable pea were better for economics. Overall, conventional tillage and cowpea were good for wheat yield, but zero tillage and vegetable pea were better for economic returns.