The article explores how urban spaces like parks and squares can create diversity in cities. It looks at two famous projects, Al Azhar Park in Cairo and Federation Square in Melbourne, to see if they achieve diversity. The researchers studied old and new urban literature to understand how diversity is defined and achieved. They found that planners and designers can create some aspects of diversity in urban spaces, but others develop naturally over time. The study shows that the social and political context of a city influences how diversity is created in public spaces.