The study looked at soil nutrients in Liaocheng, Shandong Province. They divided the land into 136 points and measured organic matter, total N, total P, and total K. They found that soil nutrient levels varied across the region due to farming practices. The spatial distribution of nutrients decreased from east to west and south to north. The changes in soil nutrient heterogeneity were mainly influenced by random factors like irrigation and fertilization. The correlation between the different soil nutrients was weak. Overall, the study showed that human activities have a significant impact on soil nutrient levels in the region.