Water-saving upland rice cultivation boosts yields and stabilizes production.
Upland rice can be a water-saving way to grow rice, but it needs to produce more and be stable in different water levels. Three types of rice were grown in upland conditions with different water levels to see how they did. One type of rice did well in upland conditions when there was enough rain, but its yield dropped when there was less water. The amount of water used to grow rice in upland conditions was more efficient than in flooded conditions. One type of rice consistently had the highest yield in upland conditions because it kept growing well even with less water. Another type of rice didn't do as well in upland conditions with less water. The key to high yield in upland conditions was having a big panicle and high harvest rate.